Concepedia

Concept

nuclear security

Variants

Nuclear Security Technology

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7.6K

Publications

302.2K

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21K

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2.9K

Institutions

Detector-Driven Nuclear Instrumentation

1955 - 1971

The mid-century period saw a decisive shift toward instrumentation-centered science, integrating on-line alpha spectroscopy, recoil-transport, and detector-based sensing to rapidly characterize decays and identify isotopes. Systematic nuclear data programs compiled essential cross sections, neutron yields, resonance absorption, and neutron-capture gamma rays across fast and thermal spectra, providing a robust data backbone for reactor physics and safeguards. High-energy accelerator studies mapped spallation channels and fragment distributions, while investigations into radiation-material interactions advanced understanding of irradiation effects in silicon and track-detector media.

Instrumentation-driven measurement approaches unify on-line alpha spectroscopy, recoil-transport, and detector-based sensing, including surface-barrier detectors, Ge/Li gamma spectroscopy, and solid-state track devices, to enable rapid decay characterization and isotope identification. [1] [2] [6] [7]

Systematic nuclear data programs gathered delayed neutrons, cross sections, neutron yields, resonance absorption, and neutron-capture gamma rays, building reactor-relevant datasets and mapping fission behavior across fast and thermal spectra. [5] [17] [18] [12] [9] [20]

High-energy reaction studies using accelerators mapped spallation and proton-induced channels, enabling isotope production, cross-section mapping, and fragment-distribution analysis, illustrated by uranium/thorium spallation, vanadium-proton interactions, MeV-neutron fission fragments, and thorium isotopes. [15] [14] [16] [2]

Radiation-material interactions and damage are explored in silicon and track-detector media, detailing neutron-induced carrier removal, defect formation, and track formation, informing materials performance under irradiation. [3] [13] [7]

Deterrence, Norms, and Learning

1972 - 2001

Networked Nonproliferation Norms

2002 - 2008

Cooperation-Proliferation Paradox

2009 - 2015

Second-Order Sensitivity Analytics

2016 - 2023